JK 6325 
1914 
.H6 
Copy 1 



OUTLINES IN 



Civil Government 



FOR 



IOWA 



AND THE 



UNITED STATES 



By GEO. F. HOWARD 

UNIVERSITY OP MINNESOTA, AGRICUI/TURAI* EXTENSION DIVISION 
1281 RAYMOND AVENUE 

ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 



Price, Twenty-Five Cents 



COPYRIGHT APPU*D FOR 



1914 
FIRST EDITION 



■ • :■$ 



OUTLINES IN 

Civil Government 



FOR 

IOWA 

AND THE 

UNITED STATES 



By GEO. F. HOWARD 



UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, AGRICUI/TURAI, EXTENSION DIVISION 
1281 RAYMOND AVENUE 

ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 



Price, Twenty-Five Cents 



COPYRIGHT APPIJED FOR 



1914 
FIRST EDITION 



Hack & Wegner Printing Co. 
Rochester, Minn. 



JV\ 6-3 as 

ttV 



FOREWORD 



4^I1>] study of Civil Government is coming to be recognized as 
#1 more and more important to every boy and girl. The num- 

\£k ber of states granting equal suffrage to women is rapidly in- 
creasing, hence it is right and proper for every girl to make a study 
of our government that she may take an intelligent interest in its 
workings, and be able to discharge her duty as a voter in a way 
that shall make her a power for good in the age in which she shall 
live. 

This little book has been written with a desire to make the 
study of Civil Government more pleasant to students and to furnish 
them with a clear, concise outline of the various forms of local, state 
and national government. This book will be found valuable for rap- 
id, definite review work in summer schools and classes in high 
schools. It should be in the hands of every student in the normal 
training departments of our high schools. It can be used as a text 
in the short course classes during the winter months. The teacher 
in the country school will find the book a compilation of facts and 
data that will make the teaching of the subject easy and practical. 

Care has been taken to have the outlines accurate and up-to- 
date, and any one discovering errors will confer a favor by report- 
ing the same. 

GEO. F. HOWARD. 
1281 Raymond Ave., 
St. Paul, Minnesota. 



,*r 



SEP2BI9©CU380583 



Civil Government 



SCHOOL DISTRICTS 

A School District is a Division of a County, Organized Under 
the Laws of the State for School Purposes 

Kinds of School Districts 

1. School Township. 

2. Rural Independent. 

3. Independent. 

4. Consolidated Independent. 

School Board in Schoel Township 

1. Members. 

One from each sub-district. 

When the school township is not divided 
into sub-districts, the number of 
directors shall be three. Each board 
elects a secretary. 

2. How and when chosen. 

Chosen by the people by ballot at the an- 
nual school meeting held as follows: 

1. In the school township on the 

second Monday in March. 

2. In the sub-district on the first 

Monday in March. 

3. Term begins July first following 

election. 

3. Qualifications. 

Must be qualified voters in the state elec- 
tions. 

4. Salary. 

Board members can receive no compen- 
sation. 

Secretary's salary is fixed by the board 
and varies from $25 to $65 per year. 

5. Vacancy. 

Vacancy filled by appointment by the 
board until the next annual meeting. 
3 



School Township — How Formed 

When a new civil township is formed, the same 
shall constitute a school township, which shall 
go into effect the first Monday in March, fol- 
lowing the organization of the .civil township. 

The county superintendent shall give notice of 
the first meeting, when a board of three di- 
rectors shall be chosen. 

Changes of boundaries made by boards of directors 
of territory affected. 
Powers of Annual School Meeting 

1. To direct a change of text-books regularly 

adopted, unless county uniformity prevails. 

2. To direct the sale or make other disposition 

of any school property. 

3. To determine upon added branches that shall 

be taught. 

4. To instruct the board that school buildings 

may or may not be used for meetings of 
religious interest. Cannot deny it 'for social 
purposes. 
5i To direct the transfer of any surplus in the 
school house fund to the teachers' or con- 
tingent fund. 

6. To authorize the board to obtain roads for 

proper access to its school house. 

7. To vote the school house tax, not exceeding 

10 mills on the dollar j n any one year, for 
the purchase of grounds, construction of school 
houses and the payment of debts contracted 
therefor. 
Powers and Duties of Board of Directors 

1. To fill vacancies in board. 

2. To fix sites for school houses. 

3. To employ teachers. 

4. May authorize sub-directoi to employ teachers 

in his sub-district. 

5. To allow claims against the district. 

6. May expel pupils who violate reasonable regu- 

lations. 



7. To fix the amount for the contingent and teach- 
ers' fund and report the same to the county 
board of supervisors. 

Rural Independent District 

How Organized 

Whenever one-third of the legal voters in each 
sub-district of any school township petitions the 
board for an independent district, the board shall 
call a meeting of all the voters of the township. 

If a majority of votes cast in each sub-district 
is favorable, each sub-district becomes a rural in- 
dependent district. 

The board shall call a meeting in each sub- 
district for the election of three directors to serve 
one, two and three years respectively. 

Powers and duties of board same as common 
school district. 
Formation of Independent District 

1. Written petition of any ten voters of a city, 

town or village of over 100 residents to the 
board of the school corporation in which the 
portion of the town plat having the largest 
number of voters is situated. 

2. Board may determine the boundaries of the 

proposed corporation, subject to the following: 

1. All the town or village must be in- 

cluded. 

2. Territory not described in the petition 

may not be included. 

3. It is not necessary to include all ter- 

ritory described in the petition. 

3. Board shall give notice of meetings and all 

voters within the contemplated independent 
district shall be allowed to. vote. 

4. When it is proposed to include territory out- 

side the town, city or village, the voters re- 
siding in outside territory shall be entitled to 
vote separately upon the proposition by pre- 
senting a petition of 25 per cent of the voters 
residino; in outside territory. 



5. It is for the electors and not the board to de- 
termine the desirability of the independent 
organization. 

Directors 

1. All districts comprising cities of the first class 

and those under a special charter have seven 
directors. 

2. In all other city, town or village districts the 

board consists of five members. 

Consolidated Independent District 

Proceedings in Consolidation 

1. The territory included shall not be less than 

16 sections nor more than 36. 

2. A petition describing boundaries of proposed 

consolidated district is presented to county su- 
perintendent for his approval. If territory 
is located in more than one county, the su- 
perintendent of each approves. If the county 
superintendents fail to agree, petition must 
have the approval of the state superintendent 
of public instruction. 

3. Petition circulated and signed by one-third of 

the electors in the proposed district. 

4. Petition presented to school board of the dis- 

trict in the proposed consolidation having 
the largest number of voters. 

5. The board shall call special meetings to vote 

on proposed consolidation within ten days. 

6. If the majority vote is in favor of consolida- 

tion, the corporation is completed by the elec- 
tion of board of five directors and one treas- 
urer as provided by law. 

7. One-third of electors may petition board to call 

special meetings to vote bonds for following 
purposes : 

1. To purchase grounds. 

2. To construct new building. 

3. To provide equipment including that 

6 • 



necessary for instruction in agricul- 
ture, manual training and home eco- 
nomics. 

Powers and Duties of School Board 

1. To have all powers and duties of board in the 

independent district. 

2. To estimate tax levy for general school fund. 

3. To provide transportation for pupils to and 

from school. 

Township 

A township is a division of a county usually six miles square. 

How Organized? 

1. Townships are organized by Board of Supervis- 
ors of the County. 



Town Officers 



1. Three trustees. 

2. Clerk. 

3. Assessor. 

4. Treasurer. 

5. Two constables. 

6. Two justices. 



Election 



Elected by people at general election held the first 
Tuesday after the first Monday in November. 

Term of Office 

Two years. 

Vacancy- 
Filled by appointment by Board of Trustees. 

Duties of Board of Trustees 

1. To act as judges of elections. 

2. To act as town board of health. 

3. To levy a tax for road purposes. 

4. To act as. a board of equalization. 

7 



5. To have charge of roads and highways under 

township system. 

6. To allow all bills against the town. 

7. To appoint superintendent of roads. 
Duties of Town Clerk 

1. To attend meetings of township trustees and 

keep a record of their proceedings. 

2. To make out a list of road poll tax payers. 

3. Clerk at elections. 

Duties of the Assessor 

1. To estimate the values of taxable property in 

the township. 

2. To take census. 

3. To make a list of men liable to military duty. 

Duties of the Constable 

1. To keep peace. 

2. To act as executive officer of justice of peace 

courts. 

3. To subpoena witnesses. 

4. To make arrests. 

Duties of Justice of Peace 

1. To solemnize marriages. 

2. To decide disputes when amount in controversy 

is less than $100. 

3. To try criminal cases when penalty imposed 

is less than $100 or imprisonment of 30 clays. 

4. To conduct investigations of criminally charged 

persons and to bind them over to grand jury. 

5. The criminal jurisdiction of this court extends 

over the county. Has civil jurisdiction over 
the township only. 

The County 

A county is a division of the state, containing not less than 
432 square miles, organized by the legislature for purpose of local 
government and administration of justice. 

Xo new county shall be created having an area of less than 
432 square miles. :.:'.... . 

8 



Airy law changing the boundaries of any county must be sub- 
mitted to a vote of the people of the counties affected and be 
adopted by a majority of the voters in each county. 

Causes Which Led to Formation of Virginia County 

1. Nature and lay of the country. 

2. Large plantations. 

3. Cultivation of tobacco. 

4. Introduction of slavery. 

5. Xeed of transportation for produce. 

Reasons for Having* Counties 

1. To establish the lower organizations. 

2. To serve as a medium between the state and 

the lower organizations. 

3. To carry on public works beyond the power 

of the towns individually. 

4. To secure certain local officers not needed in 

every town. 

5. To serve as a territorial basis for the appor- 

tionment of members of the legislature. 

6. To make justice cheap and accessible. 

Iowa Counties 

Total number, 99. 

How Organized 

1. By the legislature. 

County Officers 

List of. 

1. Board of Supervisors. 
2.' Auditor. 

3. Treasurer. 

4. Eecorder. 

5. Sheriff. 

6. County Attorney. 

7. Coroner. < 

8. Superintendent of Schools. 

9. Clerk of Court. 
Term of office. 

Board of Supervisors — 3 years. 

9 



Nomination 
Election 

Term Begins 
Vacancy 

Removal 



All others — 2 years. 

By Primary Election held on first Monday in June 
of even years. 

Elected by the people at the general election held 
on the first Tuesday after the first Monday 
in November in even numbered years. 

First Monday in January following. 

Vacancy filled by board composed of Auditor, Re- 
corder and Clerk of Court. 



By County Board of Supervisors, or 
By petition bringing case before district court. 
Board of Supervisors 

Number of members may be fixed by the vote of 
the people of the county. May be 3, 5 or 7. 
Term of office. 

3 years. . 
Salary. 

Per diem and mileage, $4.00 per day and 
ten cents per mile. 

Powers and Duties 

1. To lay out and alter county roads. 

2. To have charge of county buildings and prop- 

erty. 

3. To care for the county poor. 

4. To levy a tax for county purposes, which can- 
not exceed five mills. 

5. To examine 'and allow all claims against the 

county. 

6. To constitute county board of equalization. 

7. To constitute county canvassing board. 

8. To construct and supervise building of all 

bridges and culverts in the county. 

9. To organize townships. 

10. To levy taxes estimated by various school 

boards of the county. 

10 



Duties of County Auditor 



1. Is Clerk of Board of Supervisors and keeps 

a record of their proceedings. 

2. To have charge of all county papers. 

3. To compute taxes and make list for county 

treasurer. 

4. To issue and sign all orders on county treas- 

urer. 

5. To have care of the courthouse. 

6. To keep the books of county. 

County Treasurer 

1. To collect all taxes paid by the people for 

school, town, village, city, county and state 
purposes. 

2. To keep safe all money received and pay out the 

same on warrants signed by the county au- 
ditor and chairman of county board. 

3. To sell property on delinquent taxes. 

1. To keep a record of all papers involving title 
to real estate. 

2. To keep a record of all chattel mortgages. 

1. To preserve peace within the county. 

2. To attend district court and execute its orders. 

3. To pursue and arrest criminals and commit 

them to jail. 

4. To have charge of county jail and to be re- 

sponsible for prisoners in it. 

5. To open and close sessions of district court. 

6. To execute sentence of court. 

7. To sell property on a mortgage. 

Duties of County Attorney 

1. To represent the county in all actions in which 

the county is a party. 

2. To represent the state in all criminal actions. 

3. To give county officials legal advice. 

4. To prosecute criminals. 

11 



Recorder 



Sheriff 



Duties of Clerk of Court 

1. To keep a record of proceedings of the Dis- 

trict Court. 

2. To issue marriage licenses. 

3. To keep a record of births and deaths. 

4. To issue naturalization papers. 

5. Is a member of the Insane Commission. 
Superintendent of Schools 

Qualifications after 1918, September 1: 

1. Must have had 5 years' experience 

in teaching or superintending. 

2. Must hold a regular 5 year state cer- 

tificate or life diploma. 
Election. 

By a convention of the presidents of 
school boards, one from each town- 
ship, one from each consolidated 
school and one from each city, town 
or village district. 
Term of office. 

3 years. 
Elected when. 

On first Tuesday in April (1915 next 
election). 
Salary. 

$1500 per annum and traveling expenses. 
Vacancy. 

County auditor calls a special meeting for 
the purpose of filling the vacancy. 
Powers and Duties 

1. Must visit the schools of his county at least 

once during the school year. 

2. Shall report his visits when required by State 

Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

3. Shall deliver to all schools of his county all 

books, pamphlets, circulars, etc., designed for 
them. 

4. Is the general supervisor of education in the 

county. 

5. Registers the teachers' certificates. 

12 



Duties of Coroner 

1. To inquire into cause of deaths arising from 

other than natural causes. 

2. To summon jury for inquests. 

3. To hold inquests in case of death arising from 

supposed violence. 

4. To act as sheriff in case of vacancy in that 

office. 

The County Courts 

The justice court has original jurisdiction in all civil actions 
in which the amount in controversy does not exceed $100, and in 
criminal actions where the punishment does not exceed a fine of $100 
or thirty days' imprisonment. 

The district court has original jurisdiction in civil actions in 
which the amount in controversy exceeds $100, and in crim- 
inal cases in which the punishment exceeds a fine of $100 or an 
imprisonment of thirty days. It has appellate jurisdiction over 
cases arising in justice courts. 

A civil action is one having for its object the enforcement 
of a private right, or the securing of compensation for an infraction 
thereof. 

The person bringing the action is called the plaintiff. The 
one against whom it is brought is called the defendant. To- 
gether they are called the parties to the action. 

Civil Actions 

Steps in Civil Action 

Before trial. 

1. Complaint made by plaintiff. 

2. Summons to defendant issued by jus- 

tice through constable or sheriff. 

3. Answer by defendant. 

4. Reply may be made by plaintiff, 

5. Demurrer may be filed by either, party 

to the action, which may attack any 
pleading. 

6. Complaint and answer constitute the 

pleadings or issue. 
At trial. 

1. Impanelling of jury. 

13 



2. Opening by plaintiff's attorney. 

3. Examination by plaintiff's witnesses. 

4. Cross examination of plaintiff's wit- 
nesses by defendant's attorney. 

5. Opening by defendant's attorney. 

6. Examination of defendant's witnesses. 

7. Cross examination of defendant's wit- 
nesses by plaintiff's attorney. 

8. Closing argument by defendant's at- 

torney. 

9. Closing argument by plaintiff's attor- 

ney. 

10. (In district court) Judge's charge to 

pry- 

11. Verdict of jury. 

12. If unsatisfactory, motion for a new 

trial or appeal. 

13. Judgment entered in office of clerk 

of court. 

14. If judgment is not settled, then ex- 
ecution issued against the property 
of the defendant. 

15. Execution returned. 
Satisfied or 
Unsatisfied. 

16. If judgment is unsatisfied, then it 
runs for twenty years and becomes 
a lien upon the property of the de- 
fendant for ten years. 



Jurisdiction of Justice Court 



1. To try charges where the punishment prescrib- 

ed by law does not exceed a fine of $100 or 
imprisonment for three months. 

2. To examine persons charged with crimes great- 

er than those specified above, and to dismiss 
them or hold for trial in a court having juris- 
diction, as the facts seem to warrant. 

3. Tc prevent crimes by requiring reckless persons 

to give security to keep the peace. 

14 



Steps in Criminal Actions 

Before trial. 

1. Complaint entered by any one having 

knowledge of the crime. 

2. Warrant issued by justice ordering ar- 

rest of criminal. 

3. Eeturn of warrant. 

4. Preliminary examination of criminal 

before a justice. 

5. Indictment by grand jury. 

6. Arrangement of criminal. 
, . At trial. 

1. Impanelling of jury. 

2. Opening by state attorney. 

3. Examination of witnesses for the 
state. 

4. Cross examination of witnesses for 
the state by defendant's attorney. 

5. Opening by defendant's attorney. 

6. Examination of defendant's witnesses. 

7. Cross examination of defendant's 
witnesses by state attorney. 

8. Closing argument by state attorney. 

9. Closing argument by defendant's at- 

torney. 

10. (In district court) Judge's charge to 

jury- 

11. Verdict of jury, guilty or not guilty. 

12. If guilty, sentence bv the court. 

Rights of Accused 

Rights Before Trial 

1. Eight of Writ of Habeas Corpus. 
2< Bight to a speedy trial. 

3 Eight to compulsory process for obtaining wit- 
nesses in his behalf. 

4. Eight to bail, except in capital offenses. 

5. Excessive bail shall not be required. 

Rights at Trial 

1. Accused is presumed innocent until proved guilty 
15 



beyond a reasonable doubt, hence the burden 
of proof rests upon the state. 

2. Right to a public trial. 

3. Eight to counsel in his behalf. 

4. Eight to be confronted by the witnesses against 

him. 

5. Cannot be compelled to witness against himself. 
Rights After Trial 

1. The state has appeal in certain cases. 

2. Eight of appeal to higher court. 

3. Cruel or unusual punishments shall not be in- 

flicted. 

4. Cannot twice be put in jeopardy of life or limb 

for the same offense. 

The Town 

Steps in Incorporation 

A town is a municipal corporation of a population of less than 
two thousand. 

1. Petition in writing signed by 25 qualified electors 

sent to district court of the proper county. The 
petition shall describe said territory, shall con- 
tain or have annexed thereto an accurate plat 
thereof and shall state the name proposed for 
said town. 

2. The court shall appoint five commissioners who 

shall give notice of an election for incorpora- 
tion. Court is vested with power to change 
or limit the territory proposed to be incorpor- 
ated, before appointing the commissioners. 

3. Commissioners act as judges and clerks of elec- 

tion and shall qualify as required by law. 
Commissioners shall have charge of printing 
of ballots. 

4. Commissioners report results of election to court 

or judge thereof which may be confirmed or 
approved or set aside by said court. 

5. If majority of ballots cast at such election be 

in favor of incorporation, and the same is ap- 
proved as above provided, the court or judge 
shall order an election of a council, mayor, 
clerk and treasurer. 

16 



Officers 



6. Clerk shall enter all the proceedings in the court 

in the matter of such incorporation and elec- 
tion of officers in the complete record book and 
file a certified copy of such entry in the office 
of the recorder of said county. 

7. Certified copy of papers filed with the secretary 

of state. 

8. Cost shall be paid by town, but if no judgment 

is entered establishing a town, they shall be 
paid by the petitioners. 

Council. 

Consists of mayor and 6 councilmen. 
Term, 3 years. Two elected each 
year. 



M 



avor. 



He shall be a member of the council and 
presiding officer thereof with the 
same right to vote as a councilman. 
Clerk. 
Treasurer. 
Assessor. 
Qualification of Officers 

Resident and qualified elector of city shall reside 
within limits of town during term of office. 
Election of Officers 

Elected biennially on last Monday in March. 
Duties of Officers 

Practically the same as city officers. 

The City 



Classification 



City Officers 



1. First class, having a population of 15,000 or over. 

2. Second class, having a population of 2,000 and 

not over 15,000. 

3. Towns are municipal corporations having a popu- 

lation of less than two thousand. 

4. Villages are town sites platted but unincorpor- 

ated. 

Mayor. 

]7 



Solicitor. 

Treasurer. 

Auditor. 

City Engineer. 

Assessor. 

A police judge (if city does not have a superior 

court) . 
Councilmen. 

2 elected at large. 

1 elected from each ward. 
How nominated. 

By party primaries. 
Election. ■ 

By the people at the annual election, on 
last Monday in March. 
Term of office. 

2 years. 
Salary. 

Fixed by city ordinance. 

Duties and Powers of Mayor 

1. To veto ordinances passed by the council. 

2. To preside over the council. 

3. To vote in case of a tie. 

4. To have appointing power in certain cases. 

5. To have exclusive jurisdiction in all actions or 

prosecutions for violations of town or city or- 
dinances. 

6. To act as justice of peace in civil cases. 

Powers and Duties of Council 

1. To pass ordinances for local government. 

2. To confirm appointments made by the mayor. 

3. To pass measures over mayor's veto by a two- 

thirds vote. . 

4. To levy a tax for city expenses, not to exceed a 

10 mill levy for general fund. 

The State 

Why We Have States 

1. To establish lower organizations. 

2. To serve as a basis of representation in congress. 

18 



3. For geographical reasons. 

4. To establish and foster a system of education. 

5. To decentralize power. 



Steps in Admission of a State 



1. People petition congress for admission into the 

Union. 

2. Passage of enabling act by congress. 

8. Convening of convention in territory to frame a 
constitution. 

4. Constitution submitted to a vote of people. 

5. Constitution submitted to congress. 

6. Passage of act of admission by congress. 

7. Proclamation by president, admitting the state. 

8. Xew star added to the flag July 4th following. 



Departments of State Government 



Senate 



1. Legislative. 

1. Senate. 

2. House of Representatives. 

2. Executive. 

1. Governor. 

2. State officers. 

3. Judicial. 

1. Superior courts. 

2. District courts. 

3. Supreme courts. 



Xumber of members. 

Fifty. 
Qualifications. 

1. Must be 25 years of age. 

2. Must have been a resident of the state 

one year. 

3. Must have been a resident of the dis- 

trict 60 days. 
Term of office. 

Four years. 
Salary. 

•$1,000 for session and mileage at rate of 
5c per mile. 
39 



Nomination. 

On first Honda}- in June by primary elec- 
tion. 
Election. 

Elected by people of the district. 
Vacancy. 

Governor issues writs of election to fill 
vacancy. 
Sole Powers. 

1. Co-ordinate with the house of repre- 

sentatives in general iegislation. 

2. Except presiding officer to elect all 

other officers. 

3. To try articles of impeachment. 

4. To judge of qualifications, election and 

returns of its own members. 
House of Representatives 

Number of members. 

108. 
Qualifications. 

1. Must be 21 years of age. 

2. Must be resident of state one year. 

3. Must be resident of district 60 days. 
Term of office. 

Two years. 
Compensation. 

$1,000 for session. 
Nomination. 

By primary- election. 
Election. 

Elected by people of district. 
Vacancy. 

Governor issues writs of election to fill 
vacancy. 
Sole Powers. 

1. Co-ordinate with the senate in general 

legislation. 

2. To elect speaker and other officers. 

3. To originate articles of impeachment. 

4. To judge of qualification, election and 

returns of its own members. 
20 



Powers and Duties of Legislature 

1. To make the laws for the state. - 
Meeting 

The second Monday of January in odd numbered 
years. 

Length of Session 

Not limited by the constitution. 

Process of Law Making 



First Process 



1. The bill is introduced into either house by one 

of its members. 

2. It passes that house by a majority vote of all its 

members. 

3. It is then sent to the other house. 

4. It passes this house by same majority. 

5. It is then signed by the governor. 



Second Process 



Third Process 



1. Same as first process until end of fourth step. 

5. It is presented to governor for his signature. 

6. He returns it without his signature, together 

with his objections to the house' in which it 
originated. 

7. This house reconsiders the bill. 

8. If the house passes the bill by a two-thirds 

vote, it is then sent to the other house. 

9. This house proceeds to reconsider the bill. 
10. If this house passes the bill by a two-thirds 

vote, it becomes a law. 

1. Same as first process until the end of fourth 
step. ^ 

5. The bill is presented to the governor for his 

signature. 

6. If he fails to sign it within three days, or fails 

to return it to the house in which it originat- 
ed, it .becomes a law, unless the legislature 
..by. adjournment "/prevents its return. 

21 



Governor 



Executive Department 



Qualifications. 

1. Must be a citizen of the United States. 

2. Must be 30. years of age. 

3. Must have been a resident of the state 

two years preceding election. 
Nomination. 

By primary election. 
Election. 

Elected by the people at state and national 
elections. 
Term of office. 

Two years. 
Salary. I . 

$5,000 per year. 
Vacancy. 

Filled by the Lieutenant Governor. 
Removal . 

By impeachment by the House of Rep- 
resentatives and conviction by the 
Senate. 
Powers and Duties. 

1. Commander-in-chief of the militia, 
arnfy and navy of the state. 

2. To require within opinion of heads of 

departments. 

3. To execute the laws. 

4-. To appoint all officers as provid d by 
law. 

5. To veto laws. 

6. To send messages to legislature. 

7. To grant reprieves and pardons after 

conviction for offenses except treason 
and impeachment. 
8. To convene the legislature in special 
session. 
9. To adjourn the legislature in case of 
disagreement between the two houses. 
1.0, To fill vacancies in state offices, 



Lieutenant Governor 

Qualifications. 

Same as for governor. 
Nomination. 

Same as the governor. 
Election. 

By the people. 
Term begins. 

Second Monday of January following 
election. 
Vacancy. 

Filled by president pro tempore of the 
senate. 
Removal. 

By impeachment. 
Salary. 

Double the salary of a state senator. 

Powers and Duties 

1. To preside over the senate when in session. 

2. To fill the office of governor in case of vacancy 

existing in that office. 

3. Can vote when senate is equally divided. 

Judicial Department 

State District Court 

1. Number of districts. 

Twenty-one. 

2. Districts, how established. 

By the legislature. 

3. Judges. 

Number one to five. 
Qualifications. 

1. Must be learned in law. 

?•. Must reside in the district. 
Nomination. 

By primary election system. 
Election. 

By qualified electors of the dis- 
trict. 
Term of office. 
23 



Four years. 
Vacancy. 

Filled by appointment by gov- 
ernor. 
Salary. 

$3,500 per year. 
Jurisdiction, civil, criminal, probate. 

1. Has original jurisdiction over 

civil cases in which the 
amount in controversy exceeds 
$100, and in criminal cases 
in which the punishment 
exceeds a fine of $100 or 
imprisonment for 30 days. 

2. Possesses and exercises jurisdic- 

tion in all appeals and writs 
of error in criminal actions 
as well as in civil actions. 

3. Granting of divorces. 

4. To probate wills and settle 

estates as follows : 

Proceedings in Probating a Will 

1. Petition to probate the will. 

2. Citation to persons interested through newspa- 

pers, or by personal notice. 

3. Hearing the proofs of will. 

4. Admission of will to probate. 

5. Appointment of administrator. 

6. Notice to creditors. 

7. Inventory of estate. 

8. Auditing claims against the estate. 

0. Settlement of estate and division of property. 

Proceedings in Case No Will is Made 

1. Petition by some one interested in the estate, 

for appointment of. administrator. 

2. Citation to persons interested by published no- 

tice. 

3. Hearing and appointment of administrator. The 

administrator appointed has charge of personal 
property • only. If personal property is insuf- 
24 



ficient to pay the claims against the estate, 
application is made to court to sell real estate 
belonging to the estate. 

4. Notice to creditors. 

5. Inventory of estate. 

6. Settlement of claims. 

7. Final hearing and division of estate according 

to law. 
Superior Courts 

In cities having 4,000 or more inhabitants. 
Power or Jurisdiction 

1. Concurrent with district court in civil matters 

and -with justices of the peace. 

2. Exclusive power to try and determine all civil 

and criminal actions for violation of city 
ordinances. 

3. All powers of police courts. 

4. To commit a person to city prison for con- 

finement' or punishment. 

Judicial Department 

State Supreme Court 

1. Number of judges. 

Seven. 

2. Qualifications. 

Must be men learned in law. 

3. Nomination. 

Same as district judges. 

4. Election. 

By the qualified electors of the state. 

5. Term of office. 

Six years. 

6. Salary. 

.'•$6,000 per year. 

7. Vacancy. 

Filled by appointment by the governor. 

8. Terms. 

Three regular terms. 

1. Begins with 2nd Tuesday in 
January and ends with the 

25 



first Monday of May. 

2. Begins with first Tuesday 

after first Monday in May 
and ends with third Mon- 
day of September. 

3. Begins with first Tuesday 

after third Monday of Sep- 
tember and ends with the 
third Saturday of December. 

9. Jurisdiction. 

Has appellate jurisdiction within six 
months after the rendition of judg- 
ment appealed from, in all civil cases 
arising in lower courts in which the 
amount in controversy exceeds $100 
and in all criminal cases. Either the 
defendant or the state may appeal. 

The National Government Under the Articles 
of Federation. 

Under the Articles of Confederation 

1. The government consisted of but one depart- 
ment. 

2. Congress consisted of but one house. 

3. Each state entitled to two to seven delegates. 

4. Each state paid its own delegates. 

5. Delegation from each state had one vote. 

6. Delegates served one year and could be re- 
called at any time. 

7. Delegates could serve but three years out of 

six. 

8. Sessions of congress held in secret. 

9. Commerce controlled by states. 

10. Important measures passed by nine states. 

11. Amendments must be adopted by all the states. 

12. Articles lacked enforcing power. 

Intervening Steps in Framing and 
Establishing the Constitution 

1785. Alexandria convention held. 

1786. Virginia resolutions passed. 

1786. Annapolis convention held. 

1787. (Feb.) Congress passes resolution. 

26 



1787. Philadelphia convention frames constitution. 

1788. Constitution ratified by nine states. 

1789. (First Wednesday in January) First presi- 

dential election. 
1789. (Apr. 30) Washington inaugurated. 

Legislative Department. 

House of Representatives 

1. Basis. 

One member for 213,025 inhabitants 
(1913 to 1923). 

2. Total number. 

Four hundred thirty-five (63rd congress). 

3. Qualifications. 

1. Must be twenty-five years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen of the Uni- 

ted states for seven years. 

3. Must be a resident of the state. 

4. No United States officer can be a mem- 

ber of ' either house. 

4. Nominated. 

By primary election system. 

5. Election. 

Elected by the people. 

6. Term of office. 

Two years. 

7. Vacancy. 

Governor issues writs of election to fill 
the vacancy. 

8. Salary. 

$7,500 per year and mileage. 

9. Sole powers. 

1. Co-ordinate with the senate in general 

legislation. 

2. To elect speaker and other officers. 

3. To originate bills of revenue. 

4. To originate impeachments. 

4. To elect the president if electors fail. 

1. Basis of representation. 
Two senators from each state. 

2, Total number. 

27 



Senate 



Ninety-six. 

3. Qualifications. 

1. Must be thirty years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen of the United 

States for nine years. 

3. Must be a resident of the state. 

4. No United States officer can be a mem- 

ber of either house. 

4. Nomination. 

By primary election. 

5. Election. 

Elected by the direct vote of people. 

6. Term of office. 

Six years. 

7. Salary. 

$7,500 per year and mileage. 

8. Vacancy. 

Governor fills vacancy by appointment 
until the next general election. 

9. Sole powers. 

1. Co-ordinate with the house of repre- 

sentatives in general legislation. 

2. To elect all officers except presiding 

officer. 

3. To ameud bills of revenue. 

4. To try impeachments. 

5. To make treaties, with the president. 

6. To confirm appointments made by the 

president. 

7. To elect vice president if electors fail. 
Powers Common to Both Houses 

1. Each house is judge of election, returns, and 

qualifications of its own members. 

2. A majority constitutes a quorum to do business. 

3. A smaller number may adjourn from day to 

day. 

4. Smaller number may compel attendance of ab- 

sent members. 

5. Each house shall keep journal of proceedings. 

6. Shall publish journal from time to time except 

such parts as may require secrecy. 
7 At the desire of one-fifth, the yeas and nays 
28 



shall be entered on the journal on any ques- 
tion. 

8 May punish members for disorderly behavior, 
and by a two-thirds vote, may expel a mem- 
ber. 

9. Neither house can adjourn for more than three 
clays, without the consent of the other, nor 
to any other place. 
Powers of Congress 

1 Resources. 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties and 

excises. 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the 

United States. 

3. To dispose of territory. 

4. To dispose of other property. 

2. Disbursements. 

1. To pay the debts of the United States. 

2. To provide for common defense. 

3. To promote the general welfare. 

3. Commerce. 

To regulate commerce. 

1. With foreign nations. 

2. Among the states. 

3. With Indian tribes. 

4. Commercial. 

1. To coin money. 

2. To regulate value thereof. 

3. To regulate the value of foreign coin. 

4. To fix standard of weights and meas- 

ures. 

5. To pass uniform bankruptcy laws. 

5. Penalties. 

1. To provide for the punishment of 

counterfeiting. 

2. To define piracy on the high seas. 

3. To provide for punishing the same. 

4. To declare the punishment of treason. 

6. Postal. 

1. To establish post offices 

2. To establish post roads. 

7. Patents and copyrights. 

29 



1. To secure to authors the right to their 

respective writings. 

2. To secure to inventors the right to 

their respective inventions. 
S. Judicial. 

To establish courts inferior to supreme 
court. 

9. Naturalization. 

To make uniform laws on • the subject of 
naturalization. 

10. War. 

1. To declare war. 

2. To grant letters of marque and re- 

prisal. 

3. To raise and support armies. 

-i. To provide and maintain a navy. 

5. To provide for organizing, arming 

and disciplining the militia. 

6. To provide for calling forth the mili- 

tia. 

1. To suppress insurrection. 

2. To repeal invasion. 

3. To execute the laws. 

11. Territory. 

1. To make all needful laws for govern- 

ing territory belonging to the Uni- 
ted States. 

2. To dispose of territory. . 

3. May admit new states into the Union. 

12. Constitutional Amendments. 

1. Shall propose amendments to the Con- 

sitution whenever two-thirds of both 
houses of congress shall deem it nec- 
essary, or 

2. On application of the legislatures of 

two-thirds of the states congress 
shall call a convention for proposing 
amendments. 

3. May propose either of two modes of 

ratifying amendments. 

1. By state legislatures; or 

2. By state conventions. 

£0 



Amendments become a part of the Con- 
stitution when ratified by legisla- 
tures or conventions of three-fourths 
of the several states. 

Prohibitions on Congress 

1. Cannot suspend the writ of habeas corpus ex- 

cept in cases of rebellion or invasion, when 
the public safety may require it. 

2. Can pass no ex post facto law. 

3. Can pass no bill of attainder. 

4. Can grant no title of nobility. 

6. Can give no preference to the ports of one 

state over another. 

7. Can draw no money from the treasury but by 

appropriations made by law. 

8. Can appropriate no money to support armies 

for a longer period than two years. 

9. Can lay no tax nor duty on exports. 

10. Can make no law respecting 

1. An establishment of religion; or 

2. Prohibiting the free exercise thereof. 

11. Can make no law infringing the right to keep 
and bear arms. 

Powers Prohibited to the States 
1. To coin money. 
2 To emit bills of credit. 

3. To make anything but gold or silver a legal 

tender in payment of debts. 

4. To declare war. 

5 To engage in war, unless invaded. 

6. To grant letters of marque and reprisal. 

7. To keep ships of war in time of peace. 

8. To pass any bill of attainder. 

9. To pass any ex post facto law. 



President 



Executive Department. 

1. Qualifications. 

1. Must be thirty-five years of age: 

2. Must be a natural born citizen of the 

United States.. ' 

3. Must have resided in the United 

31 



States for fourteen years. 

2. Nomination. 

See page 33. 

3. Election. 

Chosen by electors, elected by the people. 

4. Term of office. 

Four years. 

5. Salary. 

$75,000.00 and $25,000.00 traveling ex- 
penses. 

6. Vacancy. 

Vacancy filled by the vice-president. 

7. Eemoval. 

Can be removed upon impeachment by 
the house of representatives and con- 
viction by the senate. 

8. Powers and Duties. 

1. Is commander-in-chief of the army 

and navy of the United States. 

2. To execute the laws. 

3. May require written opinion of heads 

of departments. 

4. May grant reprieves and pardons for 

offenses against the United States 
except in cases of impeachment. 

5. To make treaties, with the concur- 

rence of the senate. 

6. To appoint all United States officers 

whose election or appointment is not 
otherwise provided for. 

7. To fill vacancies in United States of- 

fices by granting commissions to ex- 
pire at the end of the next session 
of congress. 

8. To veto or approve bills. 

9. To convene congress in special ses- 

sion. 

10. To adjourn congress in case both 
houses fail to agree on adjournment. 

1.1. To receive ambassadors, public min- 
isters, and consuls from foreign na- 
tions. 
32 



Vice-President 

1. Qualifications. 

Same as for President. 

2. Nomination. 

Same as for President. 

3. Election. 

Is chosen by electors elected by the peo- 
ple. 

4. Term of office. 

Four years. 

5. Salary. 

$12,000 per year. 

6. Powers and duties. 

< 1. To preside over the senate when in 
session. 
2. To fill the office of President in case 
of a vacancy in that office. 

Steps in the Nominating" of President and Vice-President 

1. The national committee of the party meets and 

fixes time and place for holding national con- 
vention and calls on states to elect delegates 
to the same. 

2. The state committee meets and fixes time and 

place for holding state convention, and calls 
on the counties to elect delegates to the same. 

3. The county committee mets and fixes time and 

place for holding county convention, and calls 
on all election precincts to elect delegates to 
the same. 

4. The precinct committee meets and fixes time 

and place for holding caucus to elect delegates 
to county convention. 

5. The caucus is held and delegates are elected to 

county convention. 

6. The county convention is held and delegates are 

elected to state and district convention. 

7. The state convention is held and delegates are 

elected to the national convention. 

8. The national convention is held and the presi- 

dent and vice-president are nominated. 

9. In some states, the delegates to the national con- 

33 



vention are elected by congressional districts 
by a direct vote of the people. 
Proceedings of Electors 

1. In the state. 

1. The number of electors in each state is 

equal to the whole number of senators 
and representatives to which the state 
may be entitled in congress. 

2. Electors elected by people at presiden- 

tial election. 

3. They meet at capitoi on second Monday 

of January following. 

4. They proceed to vote by ballot for 
president and vice president. 

.5 They make three lists of all persons 
voted for, for president and vice 
president. 

6. They sign and certify the lists. 

7. They send one list by mail addressed 

to the president of the senate at 
Washington, one list by special mes- 
senger to Washington and the third 
list is deposited with the judge of 
the* United States judicial district 
in which they meet. 

2. In Congress. 

1. On the second Wednesday in February, 

the lists are opened in the presence 
of both houses of congress. 

2. The votes are counted and the person 

having a majority of all the votes 
cast for president is declared elect- 
ed, and. the person receiving a ma- 
jority of all the votes cast for vice 
president is declared elected. 

3. In the House of Representatives. 

1. In case no person has a majority of 
all the electoral votes cast for presi- 
dent, then from the persons having 
the highest numbers not exceeding 
three on the list of those voted for 
34 



as president, the House of Represent- 
atives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the president. 

2. The delegation from each state shall 

have one vote. 

3. A quorum shall consist of a member 

or members from two-thirds of the 
states. 

4. A majority vote of all the states shall 

be necessary to a choice. 
4. In the Senate. 

1. In case no person has a majority of 

all the electoral votes cast for vice 
president, then from the two high- 
est numbers on the list, the senate 
shall choose the vice president. 

2. A quorum shall consist of two-thirds 

of the whole number of senators. 

3. Each senator shall have one vote. 

4. A majority of the whole number of 

senators shall be necessary to a 
choice. 
Judicial Department. 

United States Courts 

Kinds. 

1. Supreme court. 

2. Circuit courts of appeals. 

3. District courts. 

4. Territorial courts. 

5. Court of Claims. 

Note — The IT. S. Circuit courts were abolished 
January 1st, 1912. 

The IT. S. Supreme Court. 

1. Judges 

1. Number. 

1. One chief justice. 

2. Eight associate justices. 

2. Election. 

Appointed by the President and confirm- 
• ' "■- ed by the senate. 

3. Term of office.- r nJ - 

35"- 



During life or good behavior. May re- 
tire at the age of 70, on full pay, 
after having served 10 years. 

4 Salary. 

1. Chief justice, $15,000 a year. 
, 2. Associate justices $14,500 a year. 

5 Eemoval. 

May be removed on impeachment by the 
house of representatives, and convic- 
tion by the senate. 

2. Jurisdiction 

1. Original. 

1. In all cases effecting consuls and am- 

bassadors. 

2. In all cases in which a state is a 

party. 

2. Appellate. 

1. Appeals from state courts where con- 

stitutional questions are involved. 

2. Appeals from circuit courts of appeal. 

3. Appeals from decisions of district 

courts in prize cases. 

4. Judgments of territorial courts. 

5. Judgments of court of claims. 

The United Circuit Courts of Appeal. 

Number 

There are nine circuit courts of appeal. 



Judges 



Jurisdiction 



1. Election. 

They are appointed by the president and 
confirmed by the senate. 

2. Term of office. 

Duiing life or good behavior. 
'!. Eemoval. 

By impeachment. 

Fas appellate jurisdiction only over. 

(a) Decisions, judgments, and decrees of 
U. S. district courts. 

(b) Cases arising under patent laws. 

. (c) Cases arising under revenue laws. 
(d) Atlmiralrtry cases. 
3B 



United States District Courts. 

Number 

There are 95 U. S. Judicial Districts. 

Judges 

1. Election. 

Appointed by the president and confirm- 
ed by the senate. 

2. Term of office. 

During life or good behavior. 

3. Removal. 

By impeachment. 

4. Salary. 

$6,000 per year. 

3. Jurisdiction in Civil Cases 

1.. Has original jurisdiction only over 

1. Civil suits between citizens of differ- 

ent states when the amount in con- 
troversy exceeds $3,000. 

2. Suits to secure protection of rights 

secured by the Constitution of the 
United States. 

3. Suits to recover damages under viola- 

tions of impost, revenue, or postal 
laws. 

4. Suits involving patents and copy- 

rights. 

5. Suits to recover United States office. 

6. Suits to remove United States officers. 

7. Suits against National Banks. 
2. This court has appellate jurisdiction. 

1. Over rulings under the Chinese Ex- 

clusion Act, and 

2. Over rules and regulations governing 

the Yellowstone National Park. 

4. Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases 

Has original jurisdiction only over. 

1. Crimes against the United States com- 

mitted in the district. 

2. Crimes, such as murder, committed on 

the high seas. 

3. Piracy. 

37 



The U. S. Court of Claims. 

Judges 

1. One Chief Justice. 

2. Four associate justices. 
Election 

Appointed by the President and confirmed by 
the Senate. 
Term 

1. During life or good behavior. 
Salary 

1. Chief Justice, $6,500 per year. 

2. Associate justices, $6,000 per year. 
Jurisdiction 

1 Has original jurisdiction in the adjudication 
and settlement of all claims against the United 
States, except pensions. 

State Executive Officers 

Elective 

Office. Salary. 

Governor $5,000 

Lieutenant Governor 2,000 

Secretary of State 3,600 

Auditor of State 3,600 

Treasurer of State 3,600 

Attorney General 5,000 

Clerk of Supreme Court 2,700 

Superintendent of Public Instruction 2,200 

Railroad Commissioner 2,200 

Officers Appointed by the Governor 

Adjutant General 2,200 

Industrial Commissioner 3,000 

Commissioner of Labor 1,800 

V ..-.-, Dairy and Food Commissioner . 2,700 

Fish and Game Warden 2,200 

State Veterinary Surgeon 1,800 

. . State Librarian 1,800 

-State Mine Inspector (3) 1,800 

. ... /Custodian of Public Buildings 1,500 

State Fire Marshall . 2,500 

State Oil Inspector*, fees 1,600 to 1,800 

38 



Director of Weather and Crop Service 1,500 

Inspector of Boats Fees 

Inspector of Bees w $5 per day 

State Boards 

Executive Council 

1. Governor. 

2. Secretary of State. 

3. Auditor of State. 

4. Treasurer of State. 

Board of Parole 

Three members appointed by governor. 
Department of Agriculture 

1. Governor. 

2. President of State College of Agriculture and 

Mechanic Arts, Ames. 

3. State Dairy and Food Commissioner. 

4. State Veterinarian. 

5. One member from each congressional district of 
• the state. 

Commission of Animal Health 

1. State veterinary surgeon. 

2. Two veterinarians. 

3. Two stock men. 

Library Commission 

1. State librarian, 

2. Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

3. President State University. 

4. Four others appointed by governor. 

State Highway Commission 

1. Dean of Engineering of State College. 

2. Two members appointed by Governor. 



Board of Voting Machine Commissioners 



1. Three members appointed by Governor. 
39 



Educational Board of Examiners 

1. Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

2. President State University. 

3. President State Normal School. 

4. One woman appointed by Governor. 

5. Two men appointed by the Governor. 

State Board of Education 

1. Nine members appointed by Governor. 
Term, 6 years. 

State Officers 

1913-15. 

Governor Geo. W. Clarke 

Lieutenant Governor Wm. L. Harding 

Secretary of State Wm. S. Allen 

Auditor of State John L. Bleakly 

Treasurer of State Wm. C. Brown 

Attorney General George Cosson 

Clerk of Supreme Court Burgess W. Garrett 

Superintendent of Public Instruction '. . 

Albert M. Deyoe 

State Supreme Court 

Scott M. Ladd, chief justice. 

Silas M. Weaver. . 

Horace E. Deemer. 

Wm. D. Evans. 

Frank R. Gaynor. 

Byron W. Preston. 

Winfield S. Withrow. 

IOWA MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 

Sixty-Third Congress. 

(March 4, 1913, to March 4, 1915.) 
Senators 

Hon. Albert B. Cummins, Des Moines. 
Hon. Wm. S. Kenyon, Fort Dodge. 

Representatives 

1st Dist. — Charles A. Kennedy, Montrose. 
40 



2nd Dist. — Iryin S* Pepper, Muscatine. 
3rd Dist. — Maurice Connolly, Dubuque. .. 
4th Dist. — Gilbert 1ST. Haugen, North wood. 
5th Dist. — James W. Good, Cedar Eapids. 
6th Dist. — Sandford Kirkpatrick, Ottumwa. 
7th Dist. — Solomon F. Prouty, Des Moines. 
8th Dist. — Horace M. Towner, Corning. 
!)th Dist. — ¥m. R. Green, Audubon. 
10th Dist.— Frank P. Woods, Estherville. 
11th Dist.— George C. Scott, Sioux City. 



President Wilson's Cabinet 

Secretary of State — William J. Bryan of Nebraska. 

Secretary of Treasury — William G. McAdoo of 
New York. 

Secretary of War — Lindley M. Garrison of New 
Jersey. 

Attorney General . . .- 

Postmaster General — Albert S. Burleson of Texas. 

Secretary of Navy — Josephus Daniels of North 
Carolina. 

Secretary of Interior — Franklin K. Lane of Cali- 
fornia. 

Secretary of Agriculture — David F. Houston of 
Missouri. 

Secretary of Commerce — William C, Redfield of 
New York.. 

Secretary of Labor — 'William B. Wilson of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Members of Supreme Court of United States 

Edward D. White, Chief Justice, Louisiana. 
Joseph R. Lamar, Georgia. 
Joseph McKenna, CaL : - - : - 
Mahlon Pitney, New 'Jersey. 
Oliver Wendall ' Holmes, Mass. 
William R. Day, Ohio. 
Charles E. Hughes, New York. 
Willis. Van Devanter, Wyoming. 
• •••"■-.: ■•■.•,'■ James C/McRfeyhbMs* : v:.:.-v.-. -:■ 



Taxation 

Kinds of Taxes 

1. School-house tax, voted by the people at annual 

school meeting. 

2. Town and city taxes, levy made by the city 

council. 

3. County tax — levied by board of supervisors. 

4. Teachers and contingent funds estimated by the 

school board and levied by the board of super- 
visors. 

5. State taxes levied by State Legislature. 

6. Road tax levied by township trustees. 

7. Corporation road tax levied by town and city 

council. 

8. Collateral inheritance tax is a tax upon the trans- 

fer of any property by will or intestate laws of 
the state. Property passing to husband and 
wife or nearest of kin and estates of less than 
$1,000 are exempt from tax. See Statutes for 
details of the law. 
All the above taxes are paid to the county treasurer for pur- 
poses indicated. 

All taxes are due on the first Monday in January following 
the levy. One-half may be paid before April first following and 
the remaining half before Oct. first following. 

Road tax must be paid in full with the first installment. 
If no part is paid before April 1st, the whole is subject to 
penalty of 1 per cent per month from April first. 

Sources of Support for Schools 

1. Tax levied by the general assembly. 

2. Fines collected for any breach of the penal laws. 

3. Money from rent or sale of school lands. 

4. All estates of deceased persons dying without 
leaving heirs. 

5. Interest on school fund. 

6. School-house tax voted by the people at school 
meeting. 

7. School taxes levied by board of supervisors. 

8. Apportionment made by genera] assembly. 

4£ 



9. Permanent fund for State University. 
10. State Aid. 

The Primary Election 

A Primary election shall be held on the first Monday in 
June, preceding the general election in November, for the nomina- 
tion of all candidates to be voted for in November. 

The Primary election is an election of nominees for public 
office by the members of various political parties. 

Candidates for a county office must have their nomination 
blanks signed by two per cent of the party vote in the county, and 
filed in the office of the County Auditor at least thirty days before 
the primary. 

If for a state or district office, a smaller per cent must sign 
the nomination blank and filed in the office of the Secretary of 
State at least forty days before the primary. At the primary elec- 
tion the candidate for an office receiving the highest number of 
votes receives the nomination, provided he receives thirty-five per- 
cent of the votes cast by his party. If no one receives thirty-five per 
cent of the rpi ^ cast, a convention called in compliance with the 
primary law makes the nomination. 

A person voting at a primary election must indicate the 
party of -his choice, . and must choose from among the candidates 
desiring nominations from his party. 

Persons desiring to be candidates for township offices are 
not required to file nomination papers but they must file affidavits, 
with the clerk of Township. Justices file with the county auditor, 
fifteen days before the primary election, then they may place their 
names on the ballot of his party. 

Judges of the State and District Courts are nominated on non- 
partisan primary ballot. 

The county auditor prepares all ballots for all elections. 

Iowa Charitable Institutions 

1. Hospital for the insane. 

1. Independence. 

2. Mt. Pleasant. 

3. Clarinda. 

4. Cherokee. 

2. Hospitals for inebriates. 

1. Independence. 

2. Mt. Pleasant. 

43 



3. Cherokee. 

4. Knoxville. 

3. Institution for Feeble Minded, Glenwood. 

4. School for the Deaf, Council Bluffs. 

5. Soldiers' Home, Marshalltown. 

6. Soldiers' Orphans' Home, Davenport. 

7. Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Oakdale. 

8. College for the Blind, Vinton. 

9. Iowa Industrial School for Boys, Eldora. 

Iowa Correctional Institutions 

10. Iowa Industrial School for Girls, Mitchelville. 

11. State Reformatory, Anamosa. 

12. State Penitentiary, Fort Madison. 

State Educational Institutions 

1. State University, Iowa City. 

2. State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 

Ames. 

13. State Teachers' College, Cedar Falls. 
Special State Aid for Schools 

1. Consolidated schools of two-room building, $250 

toward equipment, $200 annually. 

Three room school, $350 for equipment 

and $500 annually. 
Four-room school, $500 for equipment and 
$750 annually. 

2. $750 per annum to Normal Departments for 

training of teachers for rural schools. 
Who May Vote in Iowa? 

1. Every male citizen of the United States, 21 
years of age, who has resided in the state six 
months, and of the county in which he claims 
his vote sixty days. 

2. Women may vote at city, town or school elec- 

tions on questions of issuing bonds or in- 
creasing the tax levy. 
Who Cannot Vote in Iowa? 

1. Persons not belonging to one of the above 

classes. . 

2. Persons convicted of crime, 

3. Persons insane or feeble minded. 

44 



GLOSSARY. 

ALIEN. One not a citizen of the country in which he resides. 

ANSWER. The reply made hy the defendant in a civil action to 
summons of the plaintiff. 

ARREST. The taking of a person by authority of law. 

ARSON. The willful burning or destruction of property. 

BAIL. Security given for the release of a prisoner from custody. 

BANKRUPT. A person unable to pay his debts. 

BILL OF ATTAINDER. A legislative enactment or law declaring 
a person guilty of a crime or inflicting punishment without a trial. 

CITIZEN. A native of a country in which he resides. One entitled 
to vote. 

CIVIL GOVERNMENT. A government by the citizens. 
COMPLAINT. A written statement showing cause of action. 
CONSTITUTION. The fundamental law of the land. 
CONVICT. A person found guilty of a crime. 

CORPORATION. A body composed of a number of men, formed 
and authorized by law, and empowered to act as a single individual. 
COUNSEL. One who gives legal advice professionally. 
CRIME. An offense against the laws of the land. 

CRIMINAL ACTION. An action to bring punishment for violation 
of law. 

DEED. An instrument in writing conveying title to property. 

DEMURRER. An admission of facts as stated by the opposite 
party, but a denial of the legal consequences which that party claims. 

DUTY. A tax levied on goods brought into a country for the sup- 
port of the government. A tariff. 

ELECTOR. One who has the right to vote. 

EXCISE. An inland tax or duty levied on certain articles, as the 
sale of tobacco, ale, or spirits. The internal revenue. 

EXECUTION. A judicial writ empowering an officer to carry a 
judgment into effect. The signing and sealing of a legal document, as a 
deed or a will. 

EX POST FACTO LAW. A law making an act a crime which was 
not a crime when committed. 

FREEHOLDER. One who owns real estate. 

GUARDIAN. One who has lawful charge of the person or property 
of another. 

GRAND JURY. A body of twelve men chosen by lot, constitutes a grand 
jury for a county for one year. From this number seven are selected by lot 
to serve at each term of court. The grand jury investigates probable cases 
of violat ion of law. They find indictments against criminals and present them 
to the District Court to be tried by the petit jury. 

HABEAS CORPUS. Literally, you may have the body. A writ 
having for its object to bring a party before a judge or court, to inquire 
into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another. If 
a person is found to be illegally restrained for his liberty, he will be 
discharged, if not, he will be remanded to prison or custody. 

45 



HEIR. One entitled to the possession of property after the death 
of the owner. 

IMPEACHMENT. The arraignment of a public officer, charging 
him with crimes or misdemeanors for which he ought to he removed 
from office. 

INDICTMENT. A written accusation of crime against a person, 
made by a grand jury. 

INJUNCTION. A writ granted by a judge or a court, commanding 
a person to do some specified act mentioned in the writ, unless the 
person can show a reason why he should not be enjoined. 

JUDGMENT. A judicial determination of a judge or a court. 

JURISDICTION. Having authority to try or act upon. 

LAW. A rule of action passed by the law-making bodies of the 
land. 

LIBEL. A printed statement or a writing intended to injure the 
memory of the dead or the reputation of the living. 

LIEN. A legal claim on property for which the property is liable. 

MAJORITY. The full age required by law to manage one's own 
business. More than one-half of the whole number of votes cast at an 
election. 

MANDAMUS. A writ issued by a court commanding the perform- 
ance of a specified act or duty. 

MORTGAGE. A conditional conveyance of property, usually as se- 
curity for the payment of debt. 

NATURALIZATION. The process of law by which an alien be- 
comes a citizen. 

ORDINANCE. A law or an act passed by a city council. 

PANEL. A list of men drawn as a jury. 

QUORUM. The number required by law or regulation to be pres- 
ent at a meeting to make the proceedings legal. 

REAL ESTATE. Fixed property, as lands or buildings. 

RECIPROCITY. A mutual agreement usually between nations, giv- 
ing equal privileges as regards tariff or 'duties on imports, or in other 
respects. 

REPLEVIN. An action for recovering the possession of property 
wrongfully taken or held. 

SLANDER. A false tale or report maliciously uttered tending to 
injure the reputation of another. 

SUBPOENA. A writ or process for summoning a witness or juror 
into court. 

SUMMONS. A writ issued by a court, at the instance of the plain- 
tiff, citing or warning the defendant to appear at a certain time to an- 
swer to claims preferred against him by the plaintiff. 

TARIFF. A tax levied on imports for the support of the govern- 
ment. 

TAX. A sum levied upon the person or property of an individual 
for public purposes. 

VENIRE. A writ commanding that jurors be summoned. 
WARRANT. A writ authorizing the arrest of a person. 

46 



